The Difference Between PE and PP Plastic Food Packaging

Introduction

When it comes to food packaging, not all plastics are the same. Two of the most frequently used materials in the industry are PE (polyethylene) and PP (polypropylene); both popular for their versatility, durability, and suitability for food-safe applications. But while they may look similar at first glance, PE and PP plastics have distinct characteristics that make them better suited to different types of packaging needs.

From temperature resistance and flexibility to recyclability and cost, understanding the differences between these two materials is essential for making informed decisions, whether you're a food manufacturer, takeaway business, or eco-conscious consumer. In this article, we’ll provide a brief summary of the key properties of PE and PP, explore their typical uses in food packaging, and help you decide which product is the right fit for your business.

1. Material Composition

PP: A thermoplastic polymer known for its high melting point, excellent rigidity, and resistance to chemicals.
PE: A thermoplastic polymer that comes in various densities (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE) and is known for its flexibility, toughness, and moisture resistance.

2. Temperature Resistance

PP: Has a higher melting point (around 130–170°C), making it ideal for microwaveable containers and packaging hot foods.
PE: Has a lower melting point (around 80–120°C depending on density), making it less suitable for high-temperature applications but excellent for cold storage.

3. Durability and Strength

PP: More rigid and resistant to cracking under stress. Suitable for packaging that requires structural integrity, like bowls and lids for hot foods.
PE: More flexible and resistant to impact. Commonly used in flexible packaging like film wraps and bags.

4. Barrier Properties

PP: Offers good moisture and chemical resistance but has moderate barrier properties for oxygen and light.
PE: Provides excellent moisture resistance but lower oxygen barrier protection, making it better for short-term food storage.

5. Recyclability

PP: Recyclable and often marked with recycling code #5. Its recyclability can vary depending on local recycling facilities.
PE: Recyclable and typically marked with recycling codes #2 (HDPE) or #4 (LDPE). PE is widely accepted in recycling programs.

6. Common Applications in Food Packaging

Microwaveable containers
Hot food bowls and trays
Lids for takeout containers
Dairy product tubs (e.g., yogurt)

Plastic bags and wraps
Cold food containers
Film for flexible packaging
Bottle caps and liners

7. Summary of Key Differences

Property	PP (Polypropylene)	PE (Polyethylene)
Melting Point	High (130–170°C)	Moderate to Low (80–120°C)
Flexibility	Rigid	Flexible
Microwave-Safe	Yes	Limited
Moisture Resistance	Good	Excellent
Common Applications	Hot food containers, lids	Bags, wraps, cold food storage
Recyclability	#5 (PP)	#2 (HDPE), #4 (LDPE)

Conclusion

PP is better suited for hot food packaging and reusable containers due to its high temperature resistance and rigidity.
PE is ideal for flexible packaging, film wraps, and cold food storage because of its superior flexibility and moisture resistance.

Both materials play crucial roles in food packaging, with the choice depending on the specific application requirements. If you need further guidance on the best solution for your business, get in touch with us and we'll be happy to assist you.