Introduction
In the search for more sustainable packaging solutions, terms like biodegradable and compostable are often used interchangeably. However, while both offer important environmental benefits, they’re not the same. Understanding the difference is essential when choosing the right packaging for your business.
In this article, we break down the key differences between biodegradable and compostable food packaging and explore how both contribute to a greener future.
Understanding the Terms
Biodegradable Packaging
Biodegradable materials are those that break down naturally over time through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The process can take weeks, months, or even years depending on the material and environmental conditions.
However, "biodegradable" is a broad term. Just because a product is biodegradable doesn’t mean it will decompose quickly or completely in every setting. Some materials require specific conditions (such as heat, moisture, and oxygen) to degrade effectively.
Compostable Packaging
Compostable packaging goes a step further. To be labelled compostable, a material must break down into natural elements such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass, within a specific time frame (typically 90 days) in a composting environment. Compostable materials leave no toxic residue behind and can even improve soil quality.
There are two types of compostable packaging:
- Home compostable – breaks down in a standard garden compost bin.
- Commercially compostable – requires the high heat and controlled conditions of an industrial composting facility.
Key Differences at a Glance
|
Feature |
Biodegradable |
Compostable |
|
Breaks down naturally |
✅ |
✅ |
|
Time-bound decomposition |
❌ (varies) |
✅ (usually <90 days) |
|
Leaves no toxic residue |
❌ (not guaranteed) |
✅ |
|
Can be home composted |
Sometimes |
✅ (if certified home compostable) |
|
Improves soil quality |
❌ |
✅ |
The Environmental Benefits of Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging
1. Reduces Waste in Landfill
Both biodegradable and compostable packaging help divert waste from landfill, where traditional plastics can remain for hundreds of years and contribute to the pollution of soil, groundwater, and air. By breaking down naturally, these alternatives reduce long-term environmental damage.
2. Decreases Plastic Pollution
Single-use plastics are a major contributor to environmental degradation. Replacing plastic with biodegradable or compostable alternatives reduces the risk of plastic entering oceans and harming wildlife.
3. Cuts Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Compostable packaging made from renewable, plant-based materials (like bagasse, cornstarch, or PLA) typically has a lower carbon footprint than petroleum-based plastic. When composted properly, they return valuable nutrients to the soil rather than emitting methane in landfill.
4. Safer for Humans and Wildlife
Compostable materials break down instead of making their way into natural environments where they could pose a danger to animals and ecosystems. For example, marine life such as turtles can become entangled in plastic packaging or even mistake it for food.
Choosing the Right Option for Your Business
If you're aiming for the most eco-friendly option and your area supports composting, certified compostable packaging is often the best choice. If composting isn’t yet accessible, biodegradable packaging is still a meaningful step away from conventional plastics.
Ultimately, both biodegradable and compostable food packaging represent a move in the right direction for businesses committed to sustainability. Understanding the differences helps you make informed decisions that align with your values, and those of your customers.
Shop our biodegradable and compostable range here, or get in touch with us for further guidance